Although wound contraction appears to be organised by fibroblast cells within granulation tissue, the interaction between fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix is not fully understood. There are two dichotomous theories: the cell contraction theory and the fibroblast (cell traction) theory. This article discusses each theory and suggests that both may be correct but may occur at different times along the healing pathway. Further investigation into the mechanism of foetal scarless healing may uncover a way of manipulating wound contraction leading to faster healing, reduced scarring and elimination of fibrotic diseases.